The 12 Treasures of Spain:
Where They Are & How To Visit

WONDERING HOW TO VISIT THE 12 TREASURES OF SPAIN?

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Spain is a culturally rich country with a ton of sights, both old and new, enticing tourists to visit and helping to make Spain one of the most visited countries in the world. From ancient cave paintings to majestic Gothic cathedrals, Moorish palaces to modernist museums, and from bustling markets to areas of natural beauty, Spain has plenty to keep you coming back for more.

A man stood in front of the Cathedral in Santiago de Compostela, one of the 12 treasures of Spain.

In 2007, Antena 3 and Onda Cero launched a campaign to elect the 12 Treasures of Spain to celebrate this cultural richness. Inspired by the vote to choose the New Seven Wonders of the World, the Spanish public voted for the best sights in Spain. The long list was initially whittled down to 20 from over 9000 applications and finally to 12.

All 12 Treasures of Spain are incredible sights in their own right and fully merit a visit. I have had the pleasure of visiting 9 of the 12 and plan on visiting the final 3 in the next few years!

So join me as I take you through these 12 incredible treasures and how to visit them.

1. Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba

Voted number 1 in the poll was the Mosque-Cathedral (Mezquita-Catedral) of Cordoba. One of Andalusia’s most impressive sights, no building displays the mix of Spanish and Moorish cultures better than Cordoba’s crowning jewel.

The Great Mosque was first constructed in 785 when Andalusia was under Moorish rule. It continued to be expanded over the years including the building of a minaret and a new mihrab and maqsurah in the 900s.

The Mosque-Cathedral in Cordoba, Spain - the number 1 voted treasure of Spain

Following the reconquest of Spain by the Christian forces of Castile, the mosque was converted to a cathedral in 1236. Rather astonishingly, the new Christian rulers of the area decided to insert a Renaissance-style cathedral nave into the centre of the building.

Nowadays, the building is still used as a cathedral with mass being celebrated daily. It is also a major tourist attraction and well worth a visit.

A yellow box saying Skip the queues and learn about the rich history of Cordoba’s Mosque-cathedral by booking your tickets now!

As you enter the building, you are met with dozens of intricate arches providing a cool and reflective space in the midst of the hustle and bustle of the city. Take the time to wander under the arches, exploring the mosque and taking in the sheer history of the place.

Arches inside the Mosque-Cathedral in Cordoba, one of the 12 treasures of Spain.

As you explore you will eventually stumble across the central nave. The altar is intricately decorated and is in sharp contrast to the Islamic features of the building. It is a fantastic contrast of the two cultures that have shaped Andalusia more than any other Spanish region.

I first visited the Mosque-Cathedral on a tour of Andalusia with a friend in 2012 and was bowled over by the beauty of the building. Given we were there in August, we were extremely grateful for the cool respite from the Andalusian sun and spent a few hours of quiet reflection in the building.

The central altar inside the cathedral in the Mosque-Cathedral of Cordoba
A yellow box saying DIscover more of Cordoba with this combined in-depth tour of the mosque’-cathedral, synagogue and alcazar!

2. Cave of Altamira

Close to the historic town of Santillana del Mar in Cantabria, the Cave of Altamira is the oldest treasure on this list. These ancient caverns, discovered in the late 19th century, boast an extraordinary collection of vivid cave paintings dating back over 14,000 years.

The cave paintings show human handprints and a variety of animals, with the earliest paintings having been applied around 36,000 years ago. The paintings are a fascinating glimpse into the prehistoric period and mankind’s desire to depict their human experience.

A cave painting of animals in the Cave of Altamira, voted as one of the 12 treasures of Spain.

The caves were unsurprisingly declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. They have been described as humanity’s earliest artwork and are remarkably well-preserved due to being located deep inside the cave.

Unfortunately, visits to the Cave of Altamira are currently highly regulated for conservation reasons. The five lucky people per week all registered on a waiting list prior to 2022 so unless you planned ahead or have a time machine, you’re likely to be disappointed.

A cave painting of an animal in the Cave of Altamira, one of the 12 treasures of Spain

However, there is a replica cave which is part of the New Altamira Museum and gives a good idea as to what the cave paintings are like.

A yellow box saying Visit both the Cave of Altamira and the historic town of Santillana del Mar with this guided tour from Santander

3. Seville Cathedral

Nestled in the heart of Seville, the Cathedral is a spectacular building and a must-visit attraction in the city. The cathedral is over 600 years old and is a magnificent structure with a blend of architectural styles. The Gothic, Moorish and Renaissance styles reflect the changing rulers and influences of the city.

One of the most famous features of the cathedral is the Giralda bell tower. Towering over the city, this 300 feet tall bell tower is the perfect place for panoramic views of the city and the surrounding area.

Seville cathedral in the daytime

The interior of the cathedral is full of intricate carvings and stunning stained glass windows, casting their colours across the cathedral in the afternoon sun.

Seville Cathedral is also home to the tomb of Christopher Columbus, the famous explorer who ‘discovered’ the Americas. The tomb is carried by four figures, representing the four kingdoms of Castile, León, Navarre and Aragon that existed during Columbus’s time.

Seville Cathedral at night, one of the 12 treasures of Spain

Visiting the cathedral is a poignant reminder of not only the cathedral’s religious significance but also as a reminder of Spain’s exploration and conquest of the Americas.

I visited the cathedral back in 2012 and remember being in awe at the beauty of the building. Columbus’s tomb was a particular highlight; as an almost mythical figure I had learnt about in school, it was fascinating to see his final resting place.

A yellow box saying Skip the line and visit both Seville Cathedral and the Giralda with this tour

4. Alhambra Palace in Granada

One of Andalusia’s most emblematic locations, the Alhambra Palace in Granada is one of the most stunning buildings in Spain. The only Spanish finalist in the New 7 Wonders of the World contest that inspired the 12 Treasure of Spain vote, it is visited by around 3 million people every year.

The Alhambra complex sits atop a hill overlooking the city of Granada. It is one of the most famous monuments of Islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the Islamic World.

A man sat on a wall with the Alhambra Palace, one of the 12 Treasures of Spain in the background

The sight is made up of four areas, each offering a different glimpse into Granada’s past.

  • Alcazaba – the oldest part of the complex and the original fortress. The outer walls, towers and ramparts are all that is left of this 13th century fortress.
  • Nasrid Palaces – the residences of the Moorish rulers. Here you can find the famous Court of the Lions (Patio de los Leones) and Court of the Myrtles (Patio de los Arranyanes) as well as marvel at the opulence of the palace.
  • Palace of Charles V – a Renaissance-era building that has an impressive circular patio. Now houses the Alhambra Museum and the Fine Arts Museum of Granada.
  • Generalife – the Moorish gardens full of rich vegetation and fountains.
The Alhambra Palace in Granada, one of the must-visit sights in Spain

The complex is open from 8AM to 6PM during the winter months (October to March). There are slightly longer hours of 8AM to 8PM during the summer months (April to September). Located not far from Seville, you could visit both the Alhambra and Seville Cathedral in one trip!

Having first visited the complex in 2012 and then subsequently in 2013 and 2014 with my Year 7 pupils (back when I was a Spanish teacher), I can safely say that the Alhambra is well-worth your time. It is a spectacular monument that will take your breath away!

A man stood in front of the Alhambra Palace in Granada, Spain
A yellow box saying 'Get your tickets to the Alhambra & Nasrid Palaces complete with fast track entry here!

5. Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza

The iconic symbol of Zaragoza, the Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar stands proudly on the banks of the River Ebro. Believed to be the site of the first Marian apparition in history, it is also the first church dedicated to Mary in history.

The Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza, one of the 12 Treasures of Spain

The legend goes that the apostle Saint James was feeling disillusioned with his mission in Spain. He was praying on the banks of the Ebro. when he had a vision. Mary, living in Jerusalem at the time, is said to have appeared to James alongside thousands of angels to encourage him. She told him to build a church in her honour and that today is the basilica.

Whether you believe this or not, the church is a phenomenal piece of architecture. As it was constructed over centuries, it showcases a blend of architectural styles. The current building is Baroque in style and is adorned with intricate sculptures.

Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar in Zaragoza Spain lit up at night

Inside is stunning interior with frescoes, statues and altarpieces. Each depicts scenes from the life of the Virgin Mary.

Aside from being a religious place, the basilica acts as a focal point for the people of Zaragoza. It hosts numerous cultural events and religious events throughout the year and draws pilgrims seeking spiritual renewal.

The towers of the Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar
A yellow box saying 'Visit Zaragoza Cathedral on a guided tour by booking tour tickets now!'

6. Teide National Park in Tenerife

One for nature lovers, Teide National Park, located in Tenerife in the Canary Islands, is a must-visit destination. The park is home to Spain’s highest peak Mount Teide, which stands at an impressive 3,718 metres (12,198 feet). With its volcanic origins, the park has some awe-inspiring landscapes.

Visitors to Teide National Park can embark on a variety of activities to immerse themselves in its natural wonders. The area is perfect for hikers with trails winding through diverse landscapes from pine forests to barren volcanic slopes.

A yellow car driving with the highest peak in Teide National Park in the background
A yellow box saying This Full-Day tour with pickup is perfect for those looking for the full Teide experience

The iconic cable car ride to Mount Teide’s summit provides visitors with breathtaking panoramic views of the surrounding islands and ocean. You’ll get some phenomenal photos at the top which will make the journey up even more satisfying.

As expected, Teide National Park was named one of Spain’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2007 and as such is preserved as an area of natural beauty. As the world’s third-tallest volcanic structure, Mount Teide and the wider park are of global importance due to the geological processes that they demonstrate.

The Teide National park in Tenerife, voted one of the 12 wonders of Spain
A yellow box saying Feeling adventurous? Try out this Teide quad bike adventure tour!

7. Roman Theatre of Merida

The Roman Theatre of Merida is located in Extremadura, one of the least-visited areas by numbers of international tourists. Despite this, the sight is one of the most visited landmarks in Spain and rightfully claimed its position in the 12 Treasures of Spain list.

Built in the years 16-15 BC, the amphitheatre is testimony to Roman ingenuity and is remarkably well-preserved. The theatre is carved into the hillsides of the city and was designed to hold 6,000 spectators.

The Roman Theatre at Merida, one of the winners of the treasures of Spain vote

The theatre has undergone extensive renovations over the years and is used today as a cultural hub. It still hosts various events and performances so keep an eye on the schedule if you are in the city as witnessing an event at this venue is truly spectacular.

Having been to both Merida and Rome, the Roman Theatre in Merida stands up as one of the best examples of Roman architecture outside of Italy. The sight is open from 9 AM to 6:30 PM in winter and until 9 PM in summer.

A man at the Roman Theatre of Merida, one of the 12 treasures of Spain
A yellow box saying This guided tour of the Roman Amphitheater is perfect for learning about the history of Merida

8. Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela

Santiago de Compostela is famous for being the final destination of the famous Camino de Santiago. If you haven’t heard of it, it is a network of pilgrimages leading to the shrine of the apostle James in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.

The route has been walked by pilgrims since the 10th century following the discovery of the relics of Saint James and has now developed into a major pilgrimage route for religious and non-religious people alike.

A man stood on a grass verge with the cathedral of Santiago de Compostela in the background.

There are several routes to the Camino starting in Spain, France and Portugal but all of them share a destination: the majestic Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. Construction started on the cathedral in 1075 with the church being finished in 1211. Unsurprisingly the cathedral along with the rest of the Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The cathedral is an incredible feat of architecture. There are numerous façades to the cathedral with the Obradoiro square providing perhaps the most iconic view of the cathedral. The building has three incredible towers with the central one containing a depiction of Saint James as a pilgrim.

Intricate details of the centre spire of the cathedral in Santiago de Compostela

Inside you can marvel at the ornate interiors and visit the final destination of the pilgrims: the crypt. This houses the relics of Saint James and two of his disciples. The sense of history in the cathedral is unmistakeable and it is incredible to feel part of such a long tradition.

I visited the cathedral in June 2023 and whilst I didn’t walk the Camino de Santiago (I’m a little too lazy for that!), I enjoyed spending time in Obradoiro square, taking in the atmosphere and watching the pilgrims get their first glimpse of the cathedral. The town is always abuzz with pilgrims eager to share stories of their experiences so even if you don’t walk the Camino yourself, it is still a great place to visit.

The altar in the cathedral in Santiago de Compostela, one of the 12 must-see sights in Spain
A yellow box saying Book your guided tour of the cathedral with rooftop access and the Portico de la Gloria Now!

I also highly recommend visiting other parts of the region. I chose this From Santiago: Finisterre, Muxia & Costa da Morte Excursion for my trip and had the best day. It has the perfect mix of stops, travel time and information about Galicia’s beautiful Costa da Morte.

9. City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia

One of the most modern sights on the list, Valencia’s City of Arts and Sciences has to be seen to be believed. The complex is the most important modern attraction in the city and sits alongside the old Turia riverbed.

Designed by local architects Santiago Calatrava and Felix Candela, its modernist architecture is jaw-dropping. It’s futuristic and at first glance looks like something from another planet or a sci-fi movie. It really is spectacular!

The Hemisferic at the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, voted one of the 12 treasures of Spain

The complex comprises a variety of different buildings. L’Hemisfèric was the first of the buildings to be constructed in 1998 and houses an IMAX cinema, planetarium and laserium. There is also an interactive science museum, the largest oceanographic aquarium in Europe and an opera house.

The Hemisferic at the City of Arts and Sciences, one of the top 12 treasures of Spain

You could easily spend an entire day at the complex. Immerse yourself in stunning IMAX films at L’Hemisfèric, delve into marine life at the Oceanogràfic and get hands-on at the Principe Felipe Science Museum. With so much variety, you are bound to find something to keep everyone interested.

A yellow box saying Get your tickets for the Oceanogràfic now by booking here!

Regular readers of this blog will know how highly I rate Valencia as a tourist destination. I’ve been to the City of Arts and Sciences on my two visits to Valencia and in September 2022, we returned to the complex on numerous occasions to explore, take photos and marvel at the sheer beauty of the place. It is an unmissable stop on any Valencia itinerary.

A man outside the Hemisferic at the City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, Spain
A yellow box saying IF you’re interested in science, don’t miss out on the Principe Felipe Museum. Get your tickets now!

10. The Sagrada Familia in Barcelona

One of the most famous sites in Spain, the Sagrada Familia is Barcelona’s most iconic building and arguably the most recognisable building in the country. The most-visited sight in Spain, it welcomed 3.8 million visitors in 2022. If you haven’t heard about this incredible place, you must have been living under a rock!

The brainchild of Antoni Gaudí, construction began on the church in 1882. As of 2024, it remains unfinished and is the largest unfinished Catholic church in the world. Construction is estimated to be completed in 2026 but with the complexities of the work, this could be extended.

The Sagrada Familia in Barcelona through some trees

A visit to Barcelona is incomplete without seeing this majestic monument. I remember first seeing the Sagrada Familia on my first visit to Barcelona in 2004 and being blown away by its opulence, intricacies and detail. On every trip back to Barcelona, I have found myself visiting the cathedral as a sort of ritual.

Outside, the building is an incredible work with intricate details everywhere you look. There are three grand façades to the church, each depicting a different period in the life of Jesus Christ. As of 2024, the Nativity and Passion façades are complete with work ongoing on the Glory façade.

A man in front of the Sagrada Familia church

Inside, you are greeted with a phenomenal work of architecture. The central nave is decorated with incredible stained-glass windows that cast colourful light across the church in the afternoon sun. The ceiling of the nave is intricate and leaves you marvelling at this feat of human ingenuity.

No amount of description could do justice to the incredible Sagrada Familia. If you are visiting Barcelona or Spain, it is a must-see attraction. It is simply breathtaking, and it is easy to see how it has been designated one of the 12 Treasures of Spain.

The colourful interior of the Sagrada Familia
A yellow sign saying Book your Sagrada Familia tickets now!

11. La Concha Beach in San Sebastian

Another area of natural beauty to make the list, La Concha Beach is situated in the beautiful Basque city of San Sebastian.

One of my favourite cities in Spain, San Sebastian is known for its gastronomy, rich cultural heritage and of course, its beach! San Sebastian is one of my top places to visit in Spain for first-timers and any visitor here is guaranteed to fall in love with its beauty and elegance.

La Concha beach in San Sebastian, looking towards the Old Town

La Concha Beach is one of the city’s most famous sights. Known as La Concha due to its sea-shell shape (‘La Concha’ translates to ‘the shell’), the beach is a beautiful focal point for the city and draws locals and tourists alike.

The crescent-shaped beach stretches for over a kilometre with crystal clear blue waters and golden sands framed by lush green hills on either side. Its scenic promenade, known as the Paseo de la Concha is the perfect place for a leisurely stroll.

La Concha Beach from the top of a nearby mountain

Lined with palm trees and elegant Belle Époque-era buildings, the promenade gives off an air of sophistication that transmits throughout the entire city. In addition, the beach is flanked by bars, restaurants and cafés where you can indulge in some of Spain’s best food.

Whilst the weather in San Sebastian can be a bit hit and miss compared to other regions of Spain, La Concha is still an incredibly beautiful spot to enjoy. When I visited in July 2017, I had two days of sunshine and one day of rain but come prepared and you’ll have a great time.

Sunset at La Concha beach in San Sebastian
A yellow box saying Discover San Sebastian and its incredible gastronomy with this walking tour complete with drink and pintxo

12. Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao

The final spot on the list of the 12 Treasures of Spain is Bilbao’s modern-art museum, the Guggenheim. The Guggenheim Museum was inaugurated in 1997 and brought about a period of regeneration for Bilbao. Once an industrial city, it is now a popular tourist destination.

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao sits next to the Nervión Estuary in the centre of the city. Its distinctive titanium-clad iconic buildings have become famous in contemporary architecture and are now synonymous with the skyline of Bilbao.

A photo of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao from across the river, one of the 12 treasures of Spain

Outside the museum is the famous flower sculpture Puppy. Created by American artist Jeff Koons, this forty feet high West Highland terrier is an imposing steel structure covered entirely in flowers and foliage. Puppy has become a symbol of the city with its flowers changing every season.

A yellow box saying TO skip the line and enjoy a guided tour of the Guggenheim Museum, check out this tour!

Inside the museum, visitors are met with innovative modern art exhibitions including works by Jeff Koons, Mark Rothko and Richard Serra. I am someone who gets bored fairly quickly in art museums but spent an entire afternoon there in 2017. The nature of the exhibitions as well as their interactivity kept me hooked from start to finish.

An aerial shot of the Guggenheim Museum, a must-see attraction in Bilbao and one of the 12 treasures of Spain

Along the banks of the estuary there are further works by Jeff Koons such as Tulips and some giant sculptures such as Maman, a giant 9-foot spider. The museum is open Tuesdays to Sundays from 10 AM to 7 PM.

As well as visiting the Guggenheim, you can pair your trip to Bilbao perfectly with a trip to San Sebastian to see La Concha which is exactly what I did in 2017.

A yellow box saying If you’re a massive foodie like me, this tour is perfect for learning about Basque food traditions

Final Thoughts: The 12 Treasures of Spain: Where They Are & How To Visit

As you can see, Spain is blessed with so many beautiful treasures, both old and new. Whether you are into religious architecture, modern art, areas of natural beauty or Moorish fortresses, Spain has something for you!

Whilst these are the 12 Treasures of Spain as voted for by the Spanish public, that is not to say that these are the only sights worth visiting. Spain is blessed with so many fascinating places that every city, town and village you visit will have something that will make you appreciate the beauty of this country.

I hope you enjoy visiting these monuments as much as I have done and that this guide is useful in ticking them all off your bucket list!

A man at La Concha Beach in San Sebastian, one of the 12 treasures of Spain
About Me
Circular photo of a man in front of the cathedral in Santiago de Compostela

My name is Liam and I’m the owner and author of ‘Travels Around Spain’. I have been obsessed with Spain ever since my first visit 35 years ago. I am on a mission to visit and discover every part of this beautiful country and share all my hints and tips with you all.

Read more about my journey by clicking here.

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